Divergent corporates: Explaining mining companies divergent performance in health impact assessments

Large resource extraction projects may give rise to significant environmental, social, and public health externalities. While the environmental impact of extractive is regularly considered prior implementation, few countries have established legal requirements for other forms assessments, including assessments (HIA). Despite lack requirements, we find that some mining companies operating across Africa are going beyond what required them consider their operations. What explains this divergent behaviour? Using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), test key explanations companies’ self-regulating behaviour based on host country, home country or company related conditions. The results confirm higher performance HIA not due one two single conditions but a combination motivate go by them. Our theory-testing contributes larger literature discussing companies' propensity self-regulate. It offers first step in testing relevant self-regulatory space, offering an empirical foundation future studies wishing either scale up down add further granularity question future.